Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Regulation of plant immunity through histone H3 β-hydroxybutyrylation-mediated transcriptional control

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61474-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b Resistance assay of H 2 O and BHB-treated rice spikelets against U. virens strains HWD-2 and TC6 at 21 dpi, data were collected from three independent experiments for each treatment with ten panicles. c , d Disease symptoms and leaf lesions of H 2 O and BHB-treated rice leaves at 14 dpi following spot inoculation with M. oryzae strains P131 and ZB25. The leaf lesion length was measured using ImageJ software, data are means ± SD from six leaves. Relative fungal biomass was determined using RT-qPCR for M. oryzae MoPot2 and normalized to rice OsUBQ1 , data are means ± SD from three replicates. e , f Disease symptoms and leaf lesions of H 2 O and BHB-treated rice leaves at 3 dpi with R. solani strain HG81 or WH1. The leaf lesion area was measured using ImageJ software. Data were collected from three independent experiments for each treatment, with four leaves. Relative fungal biomass was determined using RT-qPCR for R. solani RsPal1 and normalized to rice OsUBQ1 , data are means ± SD from three replicates. g Callose deposition assay in rice leaves. Rice leaves were treated with H 2 O and BHB for 24 h, followed by staining with aniline blue. Scar bars, 100 µm. h Activation of MAPK signaling in rice leaves (treated with H 2 O or BHB). MAPK activation was detected by immunoblotting with the phospho-p44/42 MAPK antibody at the indicated times. Actin was used as the loading control. The immunoblot signals were quantified using ImageJ. Relative signals (with the phosphorylation levels of MPK3 and MPK6 at 0 min set as 1.00) are indicated below the bands. Images shown are representative of two independent experiments. i ROS burst in rice leaves treated with H 2 O or BHB. RLU, relative luminescence unit. Data are means ± SD from three independent experiments. j Relative transcript levels of OsPR5 , OsRBOHD , and OsPAL4 in rice plants treated with H 2 O and BHB detected by RT-qPCR, data are means ± SD from three replicates. For figures ( c – f ), the bar represents 1 cm. Data in ( a – f , j ) are analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided LSD test for multiple comparisons, and the adjusted P -values were shown. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: ‘WX98’) were treated with 100 μM BHB or water with vacuuming for 15, 30 and 60 min, total proteins were extracted and then analyzed by immunoblotting using the anti-Phospho-p44/42 (1:1000 dilution, 9101S, Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and anti-actin (1:2000 dilution, AC009, ABclonal, China).

Techniques: Software, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Control, Phospho-proteomics